home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Turnbull China Bikeride
/
Turnbull China Bikeride - Disc 2.iso
/
STUTTGART
/
TEMP
/
GNU
/
bison
/
Algorithm
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1995-06-28
|
3KB
|
68 lines
Algorithm
Previous: <Interface=>Interface> * Next: <Error Recovery=>ErrorRecov> * Up: <Top=>!Root>
#Wrap on
{fH2}The Bison Parser Algorithm{f}
As Bison reads tokens, it pushes them onto a stack along with their
semantic values. The stack is called the {fUnderline}parser stack{f}. Pushing a
token is traditionally called {fUnderline}shifting{f}.
For example, suppose the infix calculator has read {fEmphasis}1 + 5 \*{f}, with a
{fEmphasis}3{f} to come. The stack will have four elements, one for each token
that was shifted.
But the stack does not always have an element for each token read. When
the last {fStrong}n{f} tokens and groupings shifted match the components of a
grammar rule, they can be combined according to that rule. This is called
{fUnderline}reduction{f}. Those tokens and groupings are replaced on the stack by a
single grouping whose symbol is the result (left hand side) of that rule.
Running the rule's action is part of the process of reduction, because this
is what computes the semantic value of the resulting grouping.
For example, if the infix calculator's parser stack contains this:
#Wrap off
#fCode
1 + 5 \* 3
#f
#Wrap on
and the next input token is a newline character, then the last three
elements can be reduced to 15 via the rule:
#Wrap off
#fCode
expr: expr '\*' expr;
#f
#Wrap on
Then the stack contains just these three elements:
#Wrap off
#fCode
1 + 15
#f
#Wrap on
At this point, another reduction can be made, resulting in the single value
16. Then the newline token can be shifted.
The parser tries, by shifts and reductions, to reduce the entire input down
to a single grouping whose symbol is the grammar's start-symbol
(\*Note <Language and Grammar=>Languagean>: Languages and Context-Free Grammars).
This kind of parser is known in the literature as a bottom-up parser.
#Wrap off
<Look-Ahead=>LookAhead>: Parser looks one token ahead when deciding what to do.
<Shift/Reduce=>ShiftReduc>: Conflicts: when either shifting or reduction is valid.
<Precedence=>Precedencf>: Operator precedence works by resolving conflicts.
<Contextual Precedence=>Contextual>: When an operator's precedence depends on context.
<Parser States=>ParserStat>: The parser is a finite-state-machine with stack.
<Reduce/Reduce=>ReduceRedu>: When two rules are applicable in the same situation.
<Mystery Conflicts=>MysteryCon>: Reduce\/reduce conflicts that look unjustified.
<Stack Overflow=>StackOverf>: What happens when stack gets full. How to avoid it.
#Wrap on